档案库 · 开发与企业工具 · 战略决策 · 2009–2014
Docker押注开源容器取代虚拟机；Greylock领投1500万美元B轮融资
DotCloud转型为Docker，押注只移动代码的开源容器会胜过虚拟机；在获得Greylock领投的1500万美元B轮融资前，红帽、谷歌、eBay已采纳该技术。
Docker
做的是什么生意
Docker (formerly DotCloud) offers Docker, a free open-source Linux container platform that packages an app with its dependencies so developers can move code between clouds without moving or booting a virtual machine; by January 2014 it was raising capital to build paid commercial services around that open core.
起因
Solomon Hykes originally launched the company as DotCloud in 2009: a platform-as-a-service that deployed apps across multiple programming languages. Competition from Heroku and VMware's Cloud Foundry made that market brutal, and broad acceptance of PaaS never materialized. The underlying need was real, though — developers wanted a lightweight way to move code to cloud services without the tax of virtual machines that were hard to move and required manual integration. Hykes launched Docker as an open-source project in spring 2013, and by September Red Hat had agreed to integrate it into OpenShift, a partnership TechCrunch framed as proof the pivot worked.
经过
On 2014-01-21 the company announced a $15 million Series B led by Greylock Partners — general partner Jerry Chen's first investment since joining the firm in August — with minority participation from Insight Venture Partners, existing investors Benchmark Capital and Trinity Ventures, and Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang. The funding was earmarked for pushing Docker toward general availability, developing commercial services to pair with the open-source technology, and building a team to support the community. Docker then had more than 9,000 GitHub stars and 1,320 forks, was one of the world's fastest-growing open-source efforts, had been adopted by Google Compute Engine, and ran in production at eBay and Yandex. Trinity's Dan Scholnick said he had never seen a technology take off as quickly or with such broad-based adoption.
结果
As reported on 2014-01-21 the bet had validated early but was unfinished: Docker had closed a $15M Series B and was scaling, with commercial monetization still to be built around the open-source core.
背景
Docker是一种轻量级开源“容器”技术，旨在让开发者快速将代码迁移到云端：容器位于操作系统之上，所以移动的只是代码——无需启动或配置虚拟机。背后的公司2009年以DotCloud之名诞生，是一个多语言平台即服务，在一个艰难的市场中转型；截至2014年1月，它已获得由Greylock Partners领投的1500万美元B轮融资。
在DotCloud的PaaS遭遇Heroku和VMware Cloud Foundry的竞争后，Solomon Hykes于2013年春季将Docker作为开源项目发布。在Hykes的框架中，虚拟化的是服务器而非应用：应用的所在之处，整个操作系统都必须随之移动、启动和配置。Docker将应用及其技术栈打包到一个Linux容器中，并与云服务同步——公司赌的是开发者会将此作为发布软件的标准方式，之后通过服务而非PaaS费用实现盈利。
截至2014年1月21日融资公告，押注已有初步证据：超过9000个GitHub星标和1320次分叉使Docker成为增长最快的开源项目之一；红帽将其集成到OpenShift；Google Compute Engine已采用；eBay和Yandex在其生产环境中运行。Greylock的Jerry Chen——他加入公司后的首笔投资——引用了VMware的教训：“尽可能减少摩擦”，Trinity的Dan Scholnick说他从未见过技术以如此快的速度被采用。资金用于正式版和围绕开源核心的商业服务。
这件事要成立，得有什么
- PaaS之路意味着在开发者尚未接受的市场上与Heroku和Cloud Foundry竞争；转型将DotCloud从另一个PaaS重新定位为所有云之下的可移植性层。
- Docker消除了虚拟化的负担：容器位于操作系统之上，只移动代码，无需启动、配置或手动集成操作系统。
- 开源Docker使得采用像病毒一样传播，无需销售团队：2013年春季发布后十个月内，获得9000多个GitHub星标、红帽、Google Compute Engine以及eBay/Yandex的生产使用。
- 投资者读到VMware的教训——通过无摩擦取胜——并资助了一个尚未有人付费的核心，赌的是商业价值来自平台外围的服务，而非代码本身。
可借鉴之处
让核心开源且无摩擦，让开发者社区拉动企业采用，然后通过服务实现平台中心地位的盈利——代码是切入点，而非产品。
后续进展
截至2014年1月21日，Docker刚完成由Greylock领投的1500万美元B轮融资，Insight Venture Partners、Benchmark Capital、Trinity Ventures和Jerry Yang参与。资金用于推动Docker走向正式版、围绕开源技术构建商业服务以及支持已超过9000个GitHub星标和1320次分叉的社区。红帽将Docker集成到OpenShift，Google Compute Engine已采用，eBay和Yandex在生产环境中运行；材料未记录后续里程碑，因此案例止于融资事件。
资料来源
- Docker Raises $15M For Its Open-Source Platform That Helps Developers Build Apps In The Cloud
- DotCloud Pivots And Wins Big With Docker, The Cloud Service Now Part Of Red Hat OpenShift
- Docker Raises $15M For Its Open-Source Platform That Helps Developers Build Apps In The Cloud
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