档案库 · 太空 · 机器人 · 国防 · 战略决策 · 2013–2026
Oklo的快堆赌注：INL破土动工、Switch 12吉瓦、NRC获批
Oklo押注使用回收燃料的紧凑型钠冷快堆可以低成本规模化：INL破土动工、Switch 12吉瓦订单、NRC批准。
Oklo Inc.
做的是什么生意
Design, build, and operate 50–75 MWe sodium-cooled metallic-fuel fast reactors, the 'Aurora powerhouse', while also developing spent fuel recycling and medical isotope production.
起因
Oklo was founded in 2013 by Jacob DeWitte and others with MIT nuclear engineering backgrounds, betting that small fast reactors could be deployed quickly using the design legacy of EBR-II (a breeder reactor that operated at the same site from 1964 to 1994). In 2019 it received DOE site use authorization at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and a HALEU fuel allocation; in March 2020 it submitted the first COLA for an advanced non-light-water reactor; in January 2022 the application was rejected by the NRC.
经过
After the rejection, Oklo continued engaging with the NRC: on December 18, 2024, it signed a non-binding master power purchase agreement with data center operator Switch for 12 GW (deployment before 2044), which the company described as 'selling power, not power plants'. In July 2025, the NRC completed the pre-application readiness assessment for the first phase of the new Aurora-INL COLA; in August, the DOE reactor pilot program selected three Oklo projects (3 of 11), and the INL project shifted to the DOE authorization pathway, targeting criticality before July 4, 2026; on September 22, the 75 MWe Aurora-INL broke ground, and on September 5 the company also announced the construction in Oak Ridge, United States, of the first privately funded spent fuel recycling facility (first-phase investment $1.68B).
结果
Not yet built: as of mid-2026, Aurora-INL is under construction led by Kiewit, with the company targeting operation at the end of 2027 to early 2028; in May 2026, the NRC approved Aurora's topical report on key design criteria (PDC) at an accelerated pace. The company is still financing expansion, and no reactor is operating.
背景
Oklo于2013年在圣克拉拉成立，押注可复制的小型核能：50–75 MWe钠冷金属燃料“Aurora”反应堆，采用EBR-II设计遗产、回收燃料和HALEU。2025年9月22日在INL破土动工；宣布首个私人投资的乏燃料回收设施；NRC于2026年5月批准关键设计准则。
监管创新：首个DOE场址授权（2019），首份先进COLA（2020），2022年1月被拒。改变途径：继续Part 52，2025年7月完成预申请准备度评估，2025年8月入选DOE试点；Aurora-INL目标在2026年7月4日前实现临界。
需求：2024年12月与Switch签署12吉瓦不具约束力协议（2044年前交付）；商业模式“卖电，不卖电厂”。Kiewit为总承包商；约70%组件来自非核供应链；运营目标2027年底至2028年初；橡树岭回收一期16.8亿美元，探索TVA乏燃料。
截至2026年年中，无运行反应堆；NRC在15天内加速批准PDC专题报告。赌注尚未兑现——真正的考验是如期临界和可复制的DOE途径。
这件事要成立，得有什么
- 回收燃料：快堆消耗乏燃料和HALEU，将废物转化为燃料——成本和供应优势。
- 监管创新：首个DOE场址授权，首份先进COLA；批准作为先发优势。
- 被拒后改变途径：转向DOE试点和Part 52许可，使监管成为核心变量。
- 需求由数据中心订单支撑：12吉瓦Switch框架和2.1吉瓦管道证明了“卖电”。
- 风险仍在：赌注取决于2027–2028年的首堆运行和回收燃料供应链。
可借鉴之处
监管否决不一定扼杀产品；改变途径和客户。Oklo从卖反应堆转向卖电，利用试点项目和数据中心订单。
后续进展
截至2026-09-01：Aurora-INL正在INL建设（Kiewit为总承包商），目标从2027年底到2028年初商业运行；燃料方面，INL的Aurora燃料制造设施（A3F）正在进行DOE安全分析，计划使用EBR-II遗留的5吨HALEU。橡树岭回收设施处于早期阶段，与TVA的合作仍在讨论中。NRC在2026年5月批准PDC专题报告后，公司继续推进第一阶段COLA。尚未产生电力收入。
资料来源
- Oklo Advances Licensing with Completion of NRC Readiness Assessment
- Oklo breaks ground at INL on Aurora reactor
- Oklo Breaks Ground on INL Nuclear Fast Reactor Project, Launches Private Fuel Recycling Facility
- Another Big Data Center Win for Nuclear: Oklo and Switch Sign Historic 12 GW Deal
- Oklo's NRC Principal Design Criteria Topical Report Approved for Aurora Powerhouse in Idaho
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