档案库 · 硬件与设备 · 战略决策 · 2020-2025
摩尔线程:中国首只GPU新股上市首日暴涨468%,押注国产芯片
英伟达前中国区负责人创立的GPU公司在上交所科创板上市,成为首家公开上市的国产GPU厂商;股价开盘上涨468%。
摩尔线程
做的是什么生意
Moore Threads designs full-function GPU chips and the MUSA software architecture behind them, selling compute acceleration for AI training and inference, graphics, video, scientific computing and simulation to Chinese cloud and enterprise customers.
起因
Zhang Jianzhong, who spent 15 years at Nvidia, rising to global vice president and China head, founded Moore Threads in Beijing in 2020 to build domestically owned full-function GPUs. The company says its MUSA architecture supports AI acceleration, graphics rendering, scientific computing and simulation, and is compatible with mainstream GPU ecosystems. Revenue climbed from ¥46 million in 2022 to ¥124 million in 2023, ¥438 million in 2024 and ¥702 million in the first half of 2025.
经过
The US placed Moore Threads on its Entity List in 2023, restricting access to US-origin tools, IP and design software; the company said it was reshaping its supply chain while warning that replacing suppliers could raise costs and lengthen product cycles. It kept investing ahead of revenue, spending a cumulative ¥4.3 billion on R&D across 2022-2024 and H1 2025 while reporting net losses of ¥1.89 billion, ¥1.70 billion, ¥1.62 billion and ¥271 million in those periods, and held 514 patents by mid-2025. Under China's 2025 STAR Market reforms its application was accepted on June 30 and registered on Oct 30 - 122 days in total - with Lenovo, Tencent, Shenzhen Capital Group, China Mobile and Hongshan among pre-IPO investors.
结果
On 2025-12-05 Moore Threads priced 70 million shares at ¥114.28 (the year's highest A-share IPO price), raising about ¥8 billion, and opened on the STAR Market at ¥650, up 468.78%, before closing at ¥600.50, up 425.46%. The company still expects no consolidated profit before 2027 and says the real test - closing the gap with Nvidia in bandwidth and single-card performance - starts now.
背景
摩尔线程由张建中2020年在北京创立,他是英伟达15年老将,曾任全球副总裁及中国区负责人,押注中国AI建设需要国产GPU。其答案是全功能GPU加MUSA软件架构,支持AI加速、图形、视频和科学计算,同时兼容主流GPU生态系统,便于客户移植现有代码。
在局势变得有利之前,市场环境更为艰难:2023年美国将摩尔线程列入实体清单,切断其设计工具和知识产权;而营收仍非常小(2022年4600万元,2023年1.24亿元,2024年4.38亿元,2025H1 7.02亿元),相对的是累计研发43亿元和连年亏损。由于2025年科创板改革,公司进程加快:6月30日受理,10月30日注册生效,以114.28元发行募资约80亿元。
2025年12月5日,摩尔线程成为首家公开上市的GPU厂商,开盘大涨468.78%报650元,收于600.50元(+425.46%),市值一度突破3000亿元。公司表示仍预计2027年前无法整体盈利,分析师将此视为国内AI基础设施的战略溢价;高管称真正的考验在于芯片能否在实际部署中缩小与英伟达的性能差距。
这件事要成立,得有什么
- 出口管制将战略需求转化为订单:中国云和AI企业需要有国产GPU,无论规格差距如何,这推动了上市的热烈认购。
- 除了芯片,MUSA软件押注让叙事可信:兼容主流生态系统使客户能够移植英伟达代码而非重写,降低了切换成本。
- 2025年科创板改革加速上市进程——从受理到注册122天——让摩尔线程能够在GPU竞争对手抢答窗口之前筹集资金。
- 468%的首日涨幅表明投资者定价的是战略稀缺性而非利润;公司自身给出2027年前不盈利的指引,因此溢价是对未来执行力的贷款。
可借鉴之处
制裁创造市场的速度可能快于企业填补市场的速度:战略溢价赢得时间,但芯片仍需表现良好,才能在热度消退后留住客户。
后续进展
截至2025年12月5日上市,摩尔线程(688795.SH)作为中国首家公开上市的GPU纯玩法运营,利用约80亿元IPO资金投入下一代AI训练与推理芯片、图形芯片和AI SoC。招股书显示,截至2025年中拥有514项专利,累计研发超43亿,预计2027年前无法实现整体盈利。它与同为“四小龙”的壁仞科技、沐曦、天数智芯竞逐云采购;一位系统集成商向界面新闻表示,未来两三年内,中国新增数据中心部署中超80%可能采用国产GPU。
资料来源
- Chinese GPU developer sees stock price surge on market debut
- Moore Threads soars 468% in debut as China accelerates its GPU push
- 摩尔线程登陆科创板 盘中一度涨超500%
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