档案库 · 生物与材料 · 财务决策 · 2015
图灵制药将达拉匹林从每片13.50美元提价至750美元,引发轩然大波
图灵赌保险公司会为达拉匹林支付55倍的涨价——这是一种没有竞争的旧药——结果在HN上引发了830分、450条评论的激烈讨论。
Turing Pharmaceuticals
做的是什么生意
A pharmaceutical startup at the center of the 2015 Daraprim repricing; commenters described its model as buying old, sole-source drugs and raising prices by orders of magnitude.
起因
Turing Pharmaceuticals was the company in the story, with Martin Shkreli — previously of Retrophin — identified by commenters as running the same playbook: find an old orphan drug, raise the price by orders of magnitude, and expect insurers to pay because there were no competitors. Turing had paid $55 million for Daraprim (pyrimethamine), an old, off-patent drug that was sold for about $1 a pill a few years earlier and that commenters noted was the only FDA-approved treatment for toxoplasmosis.
经过
The New York Times reported on 2015-09-21 that Turing had raised Daraprim's price from $13.50 to $750 a tablet overnight — roughly a 55x increase. In the Hacker News discussion that followed, commenters argued about whether the market would discipline Turing: generic entry was deterred by small patient numbers and by Turing's control of distribution, and the FDA's slow generic-approval pipeline bought the company time. Several pointed to KV Pharmaceuticals, which had raised the price of the preterm-birth drug Makena and ended in bankruptcy after the FDA declined to shut down compounding pharmacies making the same drug. One commenter recounted being recruited for an IT role at Turing in February 2015 and withdrawing after researching Shkreli.
还没有结局,它还在跑。
背景
图灵制药是2015年最爆炸性的药品定价事件中的初创公司。它以5500万美元购买了达拉匹林(乙胺嘧啶),这是一种旧的、专利已过期的药物,评论者指出它是FDA批准的唯一治疗弓形虫病的药物,而根据《纽约时报》引发讨论的标题,该公司一夜之间将价格从13.50美元提高到750美元一片,涨幅约55倍。
这套剧本并不新鲜。评论者指出,图灵的负责人马丁·什克雷利(之前曾在Retrophin任职)是在重复他以前用过的策略:找到一种没有竞争对手的旧药,将价格提高几个数量级,并依赖保险公司别无选择只能支付。其经济逻辑在于量小:患者数量太少无法吸引仿制药厂商,图灵的分销足够严密使竞争对手无法获得样品,而FDA的仿制药审批流程缓慢。
反应迅速而巨大:《纽约时报》的报道在2015年9月21日的Hacker News上获得了830分和450条评论。评论者将此举与KV制药对早产药物Makena的重新定价相比较,后者在FDA拒绝关闭生产同种药物的药房后破产——这一先例表明该模式可能反过来吞噬图灵。
这件事要成立,得有什么
- 一种专利已过期的独家药品,患者人数很少,看起来像是一个定价的礼物:没有仿制药厂商有动力进入,因此保险公司预计会支付新的价格。
- 图灵为达拉匹林支付5500万美元,部分原因是它是一种已获批准的医保药物,这为重新定价的产品提供了直接且可辩护的报销途径。
- 同样的玩法有一个明显的模板:KV制药的Makena提价——最终以破产告终——业内人士都知晓,但图灵仍重复了这种模式。
- 公司控制了瓶颈:严格的分销使仿制药竞争对手甚至无法获得样品,从而延长了垄断定价的窗口。
可借鉴之处
受困市场必须支付的价格是一种政治负担,而非护城河:对救命药涨价55倍会招致愤慨和回应,而同样的玩法已经让KV制药破产。
后续进展
截至2015年9月21日,在《纽约时报》报道价格一夜上涨后,图灵以每片750美元的价格销售达拉匹林;这个故事成为Hacker News当天最大的帖子之一,获得830分和450条评论。评论者预测会有仿制药进入、监管回应或KV式的崩溃,但材料中没有记录那天讨论之外的后续发展。
资料来源
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